How to talk about pay
Talk about pay with the same preparation you bring to the interview. A range you can explain is easier to negotiate than a number you hope they will like.
Learn the band first
Before a recruiter asks, look up ranges for the title, the level, and the city, including remote roles that pay by location.
Separate base, bonus, equity, and time off. A large equity grant with a low base is a different offer from the reverse.
When they ask early
On a first call, you can ask what range they have for the level. If they insist on your number, give a range from the research and say you decide on the whole package.
The first number you say is the one they remember. Do not invent a low one to sound easy to hire.
When the offer arrives
Ask for it in writing. Check the start date, the level, the manager, and that the role is the one you interviewed for. Compare it with your range.
One clear counter is a normal part of the process: the number you want, and the reason, such as the scope you heard in the interviews or another conversation with a date attached.
Before you resign
Wait for the written offer you would actually sign. Ask anything that would change the decision: the review cycle, probation, equipment, and where you are allowed to work.
Give notice once you have accepted in writing. Keep other processes open until that acceptance exists.